<font face="Arial">Here is the copy of what we handed out in class:&#160;</font><p><font face="Arial"><br></font></p><p><font face="Arial">side note:&#160; I was right. The periodic table has changed... my suggestion that it (and all science essentially is constantly changing is valid)</font></p><p><font face="Arial"><br></font></p><p><font size="3">The most recent major change to the official periodic table occurred in&#160;<span class="Yjhzub">2016</span><span>, when the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (</span><span class="T286Pc">IUPAC</span><span>) formally recognized and named four superheavy synthetic elements: nihonium (113), moscovium (115), tennessine (117), and oganesson (118). These additions completed the seventh row (period) of the table. Beyond these completed additions, researchers at institutions like the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research&#160;</span><span class="T286Pc">JINR</span><span>&#160;in Russia and the&#160;</span><span class="T286Pc">RIKEN Nishina Center</span><span>&#160;in Japan are currently focused on synthesizing new, even heavier elements, specifically aiming to create element 119 and element 120, which would initiate the start of the elusive eighth period of the table.</span></font><font face="Arial"></font></p><p><font size="3"><span><br></span></font></p><p><font size="3"><span>This site could be fun to explore:&#160;</span></font><span><font color="#0a0a0a" face="Google Sans, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" size="3">https://iupac.org/iupac-announces-the-names-of-the-elements-113-115-117-and-118/&#160;</font></span></p><p><span><font color="#0a0a0a" face="Google Sans, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" size="3">videos:&#160;</font></span><span><font color="#0a0a0a" face="Google Sans, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" size="3">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFN9agJVea4&amp;list=PLMy98cnAKXeOzt2kp2X7-zunFtwcNUcVW</font></span></p><p><span><font color="#0a0a0a" face="Google Sans, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif" size="3"><br></font></span></p><h1 dir="ltr"><span>SCIENCE RESEARCH PROJECT &amp; PRESENTATION</span></h1><h2 dir="ltr"><span>&#8220;The Shape of the Table&#8221; &#8211; Student Handout</span></h2><h3 dir="ltr"><span>Project Overview</span></h3><p dir="ltr"><span>You will complete a </span><span>research-based science project</span><span> focused on understanding how and why the Periodic Table is organized. You will choose </span><span>four connected elements</span><span> and explore the scientific patterns behind their placement.</span></p><p dir="ltr"></p><hr><p></p><h1 dir="ltr"><span>1. Choose Your Elements</span></h1><p dir="ltr"><span>Your four elements must </span><span>touch each other</span><span> in one of these shapes:</span></p><ul><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Four in a row (horizontal or vertical)</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>A 2&#215;2 square</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>An L-shape (three across + one down, or vice versa)</span><span><br><br></span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr"><span>Your elements must come from </span><span>Group 1, Group 2, or the Transition Metals</span><span>.</span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Diagonal connections are not allowed.</span></p><p dir="ltr"></p><hr><p></p><h1 dir="ltr"><span>2. Research Each Element</span></h1><p dir="ltr"><span>For </span><span>each of the four elements</span><span>, research and include:</span></p><ul><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Name, symbol, atomic number</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Atomic mass</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>State of matter at room temperature</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Electron configuration</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Valence electrons</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Oxidation states</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>At least </span><span>two physical properties</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>At least </span><span>two chemical properties</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>At least </span><span>one real-world use</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>One interesting fact</span><span><br><br></span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr"><span>Use </span><span>credible scientific sources</span><span> for your research.</span></p><p dir="ltr"></p><hr><p></p><h1 dir="ltr"><span>3. Explain the Pattern</span></h1><p dir="ltr"><span>Describe what your elements have in common, such as:</span></p><ul><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Same group or period</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Same block (s-block or d-block)</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Similar properties (reactivity, conductivity, density, etc.)</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Trends across the table</span><span><br><br></span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr"></p><hr><p></p><h1 dir="ltr"><span>4. Explain </span><span>Why</span><span> They Are Arranged This Way</span></h1><p dir="ltr"><span>Connect the arrangement to:</span></p><ul><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Valence electrons</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Electron shells</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Periodic trends</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Metallic behavior</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Atomic structure</span><span><br><br></span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr"><span>This section should show your scientific reasoning.</span></p><p dir="ltr"></p><hr><p></p><h1 dir="ltr"><span>5. Artistic Component (Required)</span></h1><p dir="ltr"><span>Create </span><span>one artistic or creative representation</span><span> of your elements.</span><span><br></span><span> Examples include:</span></p><ul><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>A hand-drawn poster or illustration</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Digital artwork</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Creative concept characters for each element</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>A symbolic design</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>A stylized comparison chart</span><span><br><br></span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr"><span>Your art should help explain or highlight your elements.</span></p><p dir="ltr"></p><hr><p></p><h1 dir="ltr"><span>6. Presentation Requirements</span></h1><ul><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Length: </span><span>8&#8211;10 minutes</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Format: Slide deck, poster, video, or live demonstration</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Must include: Research, artistic component, scientific explanations</span><span><br><br></span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr"></p><hr><p></p><h1 dir="ltr"><span>RUBRIC (100 points)</span></h1><h3 dir="ltr"><span>1. Research Depth &amp; Accuracy &#8211; 40 pts</span></h3><p dir="ltr"><span>Thorough research on each element with accurate scientific details.</span></p><h3 dir="ltr"><span>2. Pattern Explanation &#8211; 20 pts</span></h3><p dir="ltr"><span>Clear explanation of shared properties and trends.</span></p><h3 dir="ltr"><span>3. Arrangement Explanation &#8211; 20 pts</span></h3><p dir="ltr"><span>Strong reasoning using electron structure and periodic trends.</span></p><h3 dir="ltr"><span>4. Artistic Component &#8211; 15 pts</span></h3><p dir="ltr"><span>Creative, meaningful visual that enhances understanding.</span></p><h3 dir="ltr"><span>5. Presentation Quality &#8211; 5 pts</span></h3><p dir="ltr"><span>Clear, organized, visually neat, and within time.</span></p><p dir="ltr"></p><hr><p></p><h1 dir="ltr"><span>Total: 100 Points</span></h1><p><b><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br><br></b></p><h1 dir="ltr"><span>Electron Configuration (Review)</span></h1><p dir="ltr"><span>Electron configuration</span><span> tells you </span><span>where the electrons live</span><span> in an atom.</span><span><br></span><span> Electrons stay in &#8220;shells&#8221; or &#8220;energy levels,&#8221; like seats in rows.</span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Example:</span></p><ul><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>The first shell can hold 2 electrons</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>The second shell can hold 8</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>The third shell can hold 18</span><span><br><br></span></p></li></ul><p dir="ltr"><span>Electron configuration shows </span><span>how those electrons are arranged</span><span>.</span></p><p dir="ltr"></p><hr><p></p><h1 dir="ltr"><span>Valence Electrons (Review)</span></h1><p dir="ltr"><span>Valence electrons</span><span> are the electrons in the </span><span>outermost shell</span><span> of an atom.</span></p><p dir="ltr"><span>These are the electrons that:</span></p><ul><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Decide how the element reacts</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Help form bonds with other atoms</span><span><br><br></span></p></li><li dir="ltr" aria-level="1"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation"><span>Determine many chemical properties</span><span><br><br></span></p></li></ul><p></p><p dir="ltr"><span>Shortcut:</span><span><br></span><span> Valence electrons are the </span><span>&#8220;personality electrons&#8221;</span><span> &#8212; they decide how the element behaves.</span></p><p><span><br></span></p><p></p>